Anti Gun Control - 752 Words

Mia Parra Raybuck English 11 P.3 11 September 2013 Anti Gun Control Due to recent mass shootings in the U.S. many Americans fear for their safety. Many Americans fear to go out to movie theaters, restaurants, and even their children s schools. In the article Will Sikh temple shooting spark U.S. conversation on gun control, Peter Greier claims Americans are deeply split about the prospect of new gun laws, and tragic events such as recent mass killings do not change voter opinions. Gun control laws should be any more strict because it would be violating the Second Amendment and the right to bare arms to protect yourself against criminals. To begin with, taking away a citizens right to bare arms is a violation of†¦show more content†¦Being forced by law to leave her fire arm locked away in her car, she didn t know this particular time would be the best situation to use it. Her lunch would be interrupted by a criminal with a gun. She watched as he shot each victim one by one. Including her own parents. Had she possessed her gun in this instance these tragic deaths may not have occurred. However, not all guns should be aloud and open to the public. In most cases assault weapons are used in mass shootings. In California it is illegal to own any gun with with an AK/AK15. Assault weapons are unnecessary to defend yourself. Sometimes all it takes to defend yourself is just revealing your fire arm. For example Appalachian School was being targeted by a shooter when a few brave students showed enough courage to run out to their cars and grab their fire arms. These students were lucky to prevent any deaths from happening. Furthermore, more gun laws would not stop a criminal from possessing a gun. Criminals already don t obey the law. Background checks are an absolute must. Background checks should prevent a gun from getting in the wrong hands of the wrong person. Many criminals clan they like the gun control laws because it leaves the victim helpless and without a gun. If every home had a gun, less criminals feel power over victims by possessing a gun. By everyone having a gun, it equalizes the un equal. In other words, theseShow MoreRelatedAnti Gun Control1000 Words   |  4 PagesAnti Gun Control Should the mere fact that criminals committing crimes with the use of guns infringe the national right of the innocent to possess guns. This is a question that arouses everywhere and no matter which way it is viewed the controversy will always go on. A gun is a mere tool that can be used for good or evil. Our country is based on the belief that man is good until he or she is proven to be otherwise.(Harris p.2) This means that only a few people are committing crimes with uses ofRead MoreAnti Gun Control Argument1366 Words   |  6 PagesGun rights and gun control are always hot items during any political discussion, whether it is between peers or politicians. One of the many great advantages to being an American is the ability to choose for ones own self what to believe in, another advantage, in my opinion, is the right of the people to keep and bear arms. It is my intention over the next several pages to make you aware of my point of view on the issue of gun rights. I will bring up arguments for gun rights and against gun controlRead MorePersuasive Essay On Anti Gun Control724 Words   |  3 Pagesthis man was mentally ill and was able to acquire weapons without questioning. How could this of happened to your family and countless other families? The answer is the lack of gun control. Pro Gun Control advocates want guns out of the hands of criminals and the mentally ill, while Anti Gun Control advocates say gun control impedes on the 2nd Amendment. Americans should support the 2nd Amendment, however to an extent. A high rate of firearm in the hands of criminals and the mentally ill cause massacresRead MoreControl The Azimuth Angle Of An Anti Aircraft Gun879 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract: The goal of this project is to control the azimuth angle of an anti aircraft gun. Anti aircraft gun is a type of counter measure gear used to fire tracer rounds to the hostile aircraft. It is a fixed ground gun system which can rotate in azimuth as well as in horizon. It can track the tail of an airship and hunt it down. The first effective anti aircraft gun was used in world war I. But, the most drawback was that, it was human controlled thus human casualties was high. To dominate overRead MoreLogos, Ethos, and Pathos Anti-Gun Control Essay876 Words   |  4 PagesLogos, Ethos, and Pathos, Anti-Gun Control From the founding of our country up until modern times there has been a separation on the beliefs of civilians owning guns. But gun control simply put, is a waste of time. It is highly ineffective in areas that gun control has been enacted in the United States. As well as â€Å"Gun Free Zones† being centralized high-target opportunities. (Small areas densely occupied by unarmed and defenseless citizens.) Thus allowing (in the rare instances it occurs like NewtownRead MoreWhy Is Anti Gun-Control Necessary? Essay713 Words   |  3 Pagesof the constitution of the United States. A lot of people argue that guns kill people; this is untrue. Guns in the hands of a negligent person have potential to kill people, just as anything else. The statement ‘The Right to Keep and Bear Arms from the U.S constitution seems like a pretty solid sentence. There is really no way to misinterpret it. Our country gained its freedom with guns, kept its freedom with guns, and guns will play a vital roll in keeping our freedom. So how is it that citiesRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1199 Words   |  5 Pagesissue in the Americas is the problem of gun control and if guns should be allowed. Many Americans will argue that since it is allowed in the Second Amendment there should be no argument that the people should be allowed to own guns. Others will say there should be gun control because many crimes committed are with guns. On the other hand it could be seen as criminals still finding some way of getting guns albeit through smuggling or some other way of obtaining guns which would lead to more issues becauseRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1453 Words   |  6 PagesGun Control. Just the mention of those two words together is us ually enough to start a riot between sides. Those for stricter gun control and those who want better reform with out having the government grip tighten are locked in a political battle with each side using the same weapons. Both sides look to the recent shootings as a banner for their viewpoint and neither side is willing to consider the opposition’s view. This has lead to a rift in the political theater, and a rift across America. Read MoreGun Control Against Or For? Essay1635 Words   |  7 PagesHopsin Gun Control Against or For? 9/21/2015 In the United States gun control has become very important, every time you watch the news or read the newspaper you hear about gun related violence in the U.S. It isn’t just war, suicide, and gang related incidents, it is kids killing kids. On February 29, 2000 there was six year old boy who accidently killed a classmate, who was also six years old. Prior that day the two children was witnessed to have been a in a fight and the boy brought the gun to simplyRead MoreBrief History of the Nra1739 Words   |  7 PagesHistory of the NRA The National Rifle Association in its simplest form is the largest gun club in the world. The organization was founded in 1871 by former Union Army officers to encourage sport shooting in order to have a fine tuned militia in case of emergency. The Union officers believed that a well regulated militia was integral for the security of a free state. It is an organization that opposes gun control, it believes in the individual defense of the uses of firearms, and it is interested

The Death of Emperor Montezuma

In November of 1519, Spanish invaders led by Hernan Cortes arrived in Tenochtitlan, the capital city of the Mexica (Aztecs). They were welcomed by Montezuma, the mighty Tlatoani (emperor) of his people. Seven months later, Montezuma was dead, possibly at the hands of his own people. What happened to the Emperor of the Aztecs? Montezuma II Xocoyotzà ­n, Emperor of the Aztecs Montezuma had been selected to be Tlatoani (the word means speaker) in 1502, the maximum leader of his people: his grandfather, father and two uncles had also been tlatoque (plural of tlatoani). From 1502 to 1519, Montezuma had proven himself to be an able leader in war, politics, religion, and diplomacy. He had maintained and expanded the empire and was lord of lands stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Hundreds of conquered vassal tribes sent the Aztecs goods, food, weapons, and even slaves and captured warriors for sacrifice. Cortes and the Invasion of Mexico In 1519, Hernan Cortes and 600 Spanish conquistadors landed on Mexicos Gulf coast, establishing a base near the present-day city of Veracruz. They began slowly making their way inland, collecting intelligence through Cortes interpreter/mistress Doà ±a Marina (Malinche). They befriended disgruntled vassals of the Mexica and made an important alliance with the Tlaxcalans, bitter enemies of the Aztecs. They arrived in Tenochtitlan in November and were initially welcomed by Montezuma and his top officials. Capture of Montezuma The wealth of Tenochtitlan was astounding, and Cortes and his lieutenants began plotting how to take the city. Most of their plans involved capturing Montezuma and holding him until more reinforcements could arrive to secure the city. On November 14, 1519, they got the excuse they needed. A Spanish garrison left on the coast had been attacked by some representatives of the Mexica and several of them were killed. Cortes arranged a meeting with Montezuma, accused him of planning the attack, and took him into custody. Amazingly, Montezuma agreed, provided he be able to tell the story that he had voluntarily accompanied the Spanish back to the palace where they were lodged. Montezuma Captive Montezuma was still allowed to see his advisors and participate in his religious duties, but only with Cortes permission. He taught Cortes and his lieutenants to play traditional Mexica games and even took them hunting outside of the city. Montezuma seemed to develop a sort of Stockholm Syndrome, in which he befriended and sympathized with his captor, Cortes: when his nephew Cacama, lord of Texcoco, plotted against the Spanish, Montezuma heard of it and informed Cortes, who took Cacama prisoner. Meanwhile, the Spanish continually badgered Montezuma for more and more gold. The Mexica generally valued brilliant feathers more than gold, so much of the gold in the city was handed over to the Spanish. Montezuma even ordered the vassal states of the Mexica to send gold, and the Spaniards amassed an unheard-of fortune: it is estimated that by May they had collected eight tons of gold and silver. Massacre of Toxcatl and Return of Cortes In May of 1520, Cortes had to go to the coast with as many soldiers as he could spare to deal with an army led by Panfilo de Narvaez. Unbeknownst to Cortes, Montezuma had entered into a secret correspondence with Narvez and had ordered his coastal vassals to support him. When Cortes found out, he was furious, greatly straining his relationship with Montezuma. Cortes left his lieutenant Pedro de Alvarado in charge of Montezuma, other royal captives and the city of Tenochtitlan. Once Cortes was gone, the people of Tenochtitlan became restless, and Alvarado heard of a plot to murder the Spanish. He ordered his men to attack during the festival of Toxcatl on May 20, 1520. Thousands of unarmed Mexica, most of the members of the nobility, were slaughtered. Alvarado also ordered the murder of several important lords held in captivity, including Cacama. The people of Tenochtitlan were furious and attacked the Spaniards, forcing them to barricade themselves inside the Palace of Axayà ¡catl. Cortes defeated Narvaez in battle and added his men to his own. On June 24, this larger army returned to Tenochtitlan and was able to reinforce Alvarado and his embattled men. Death of Montezuma Cortes returned to a palace under siege. Cortes could not restore order, and the Spanish were starving, as the market had closed. Cortes ordered Montezuma to reopen the market, but the emperor said that he could not because he was a captive and no one listened to his orders anymore. He suggested that if Cortes freed his brother Cuitlahuac, also held prisoner, he might be able to get the markets to reopen. Cortes let Cuitlahuac go, but instead of reopening the market, the warlike prince organized an even fiercer attack on the barricaded Spaniards.   Unable to restore order, Cortes had a reluctant Montezuma hauled to the roof of the palace, where he pleaded with his people to stop attacking the Spanish. Enraged, the people of Tenochtitlan threw stones and spears at Montezuma, who was badly wounded before the Spanish were able to bring him back inside the palace. According to Spanish accounts, two or three days later, on June 29, Montezuma died of his wounds. He spoke to Cortes before dying and asked him to take care of his surviving children. According to native accounts, Montezuma survived his wounds but was murdered by the Spanish when it became clear that he was of no further use to them. It is impossible to determine today exactly how Montezuma died. Aftermath of Montezuma's Death With Montezuma dead, Cortes realized that there was no way he could hold the city. On June 30, 1520, Cortes and his men tried to sneak out of Tenochtitlan under cover of darkness. They were spotted, however, and wave after wave of fierce Mexica warriors attacked the Spaniards fleeing over the Tacuba causeway. About six hundred Spaniards (roughly half of Cortes army) were killed, along with most of his horses. Two of Montezumas children - which Cortes had just promised to protect - were slain alongside the Spaniards.  Some Spaniards were captured alive and sacrificed to the Aztec gods. Nearly all of the treasure was gone as well. The Spanish referred to this disastrous retreat as the Night of Sorrows. A few months later, reinforced by more conquistadors and Tlaxcalans, the Spanish would re-take the city, this time for good. Five centuries after his death, many modern Mexicans still blame Montezuma for poor leadership which led to the fall of the Aztec Empire. The circumstances of his captivity and death have much to do with this. Had Montezuma refused to allow himself to be taken captive, history would most likely have been very different. Most modern Mexicans have little respect for Montezuma, preferring the two leaders who came after him, Cuitlahuac and Cuauhtà ©moc, both of whom fought the Spanish fiercely. Sources Diaz del Castillo, Bernal. . Trans., ed. J.M. Cohen. 1576. London, Penguin Books, 1963. Hassig, Ross. Aztec Warfare: Imperial Expansion and Political Control. Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1988. Levy, Buddy. New York: Bantam, 2008. Thomas, Hugh . New York: Touchstone, 1993.

A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man - 1038 Words

James Joyce created all of his literary pieces from his own personal experiences throughout his life and the culture he grew up in (Norris 3). In his novel, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Joyce and his character, Stephen Dedalus, share a wide variety of similarities, all the way from childhood aspects, to challenges of adulthood. Because of these similarities, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, is considered an autobiography. James Joyce created the character, Stephen Dedalus, as a mirrored image of himself in both A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Ulysses. However, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man describes Joyce’s own experiences from boyhood to adulthood (Azizmohammadi 162). Joyce used his birthplace as the setting for the novel. He also used characteristics of his own father to create a character to play a role as the father of Stephen. Joyce was born in 1882 in Rathgar, Ireland, located about a mile from Dublin, where he based the novel, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Dublin is where Stephen begins his childhood, goes to school, and grows into a young adult. Joyce’s father was very intelligent, but lacked the work ethic and competence to financially support a family. He was a well rounded person and considered a gentleman by many, but his personality did not help him find a sustainable career (Norris 1). The mother of James Joyce did her best to care for the Dedalus family. She wanted them to live comfortably and haveShow MoreRelatedA Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1664 Words   |  7 PagesIn A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Stephen Dedalus grows out of a repressive society fueled by religious beliefs to realize his true desire to be an artist. In Ireland at the time, there is no influence as strong as religion but somehow Stephen is able to look over the wall and find determination to be an artist. He faces numerous struggles along his path and since the novel ends with Stephen jus t deciding to take his action, it is unclear if he even ever escapes the religious influencesRead MoreA Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1594 Words   |  7 Pagesthis essay is to discuss how James Joyce’s seminal novel A Portrait of the Artist as a young man, is experimental with regards to plot, point of view, language, symbolism, style and character development, and will begin with a brief introduction. Many artists, be they of the pen, brush or instrument, seek through innovation an artistic immortality that has the potential to act as a blueprint from which imitation is spawned. Joyce’s Portrait is at its core innovative pioneering prose, and it can beRead MoreA Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1716 Words   |  7 PagesIn the class reading of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, we analyzed the life of Stephen Dedalus in relation to his family and to women, and the varying roles they play. From his point-of-view, we watched the shifting dynamic in his family and his struggles with relationships with the rest of the people around him. Analyzing Stephen’s coming of age from such a perspective, that of a virtual stranger, shaped the conclusions that were drawn as well as the life events that were deemed significantRead MorePortrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1620 Words   |  7 PagesPortrait of the Artist as a Young Man is an excellent novel, written by James Joyce, about the life of Stephen Dedalus and how he overcame the barriers of his family and his religion to pursue his life as a writer. Drawing on details based on his own early life, Joyce provides us â€Å"with insight into how his own imagination worked† (Gose, 267). Extensive use of stream of consciousness, which represent the character’s inner thoughts and perceptions, and like human thoughts jumping from one thought toRead MoreA Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1742 Words   |  7 Pagescontemplated his ever-present melancholy, his plunge into sinful abandon and his guilty conversion into an unbearably obsessive religious fervor as well as his later struggle to define his passion and purpose. In the class reading of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, we analyzed the life of Stephen Dedalus in relation to his family and to women, and the varying roles they play. From his point-of-view, we watched the shifting dynamic in his family and his struggles with relationships with the restRead MorePortrait of the Artist as a Young Man882 Words   |  4 PagesA Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man tells the story of Stephen Dedalus, a boy growing up in Ireland at the end of the nineteenth century, as he gradually decides to cast off all his social, familial, and religious constraints to live a life devoted to the art of writing. Right at the beginning of the novel is the epigraphy Et ignotas animum dimittit in artes. This loosely translates into â€Å"he sent his soul into unknown arts.† This epigraphy is the bases of the novel; how Stephen explores is bodyRead More A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Essay1512 Words   |  7 PagesA Portrait of the Artist as a Y oung Man Stephen Dedalus - Rebel Without a Cause? His soul had arisen from the grave of boyhood, spurning her grave-clothes. Yes! Yes! Yes! He would create proudly out of the freedom and power of his soul, as the great artificer whose name he bore, a living thing, new and soaring and beautiful, impalpable, imperishable Throughout A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Stephen Dedalus is persistently portrayed as the outsider, apart from the society he andRead More Essay on the Artist as Hero in A Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man1285 Words   |  6 PagesThe Artist as Hero in A Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man  Ã‚        Ã‚   A Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man by James Joyce is a partly autobiographical account of the authors life growing up.   The novel chronicles the process through which the main character, Stephen, struggles against authority and religious doctrine to develop his own philosophies on life.   Stephen is not necessarily rebelling against God and his father as much as he is finding his own person, creating his own life.   HeRead More Essay on the Soul of the Artist in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man2954 Words   |  12 PagesSoul of the Artist in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As James Joyces A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man unfolds, protagonist Stephen Dedalus personal vision grows closer and closer to that of an artist. Stephen attempts throughout the story to understand the inspiration he receives while being tormented by influences that seem to distract him. Stephens thoughtful approach to his experiences, brings him through his tormented youth to a refined understanding ofRead More The Esthetic Theory and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man1415 Words   |  6 PagesThe Esthetic Theory and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man  Ã‚  Ã‚   In A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Stephen Dedalus defines beauty and the artists comprehension of his/her own art. Stephen uses his esthetic theory with theories borrowed from St. Thomas Aquinas and Plato. The discourse can be broken down into three main sections: 1) A definitions of beauty and art. 2) The apprehension and qualifications of beauty. 3) The artists view of his/her own work. I will explain how the

The Ways the British Government Attempted to Hide the...

The Ways the British Government Attempted to Hide the Effects of the Blitz from the People For the British civilians bearing the home front of the Blitz was both a frightening and surreal experience. In Britain, most people expect to be told the truth, and newspapers and radios are allowed to speak the facts. However once the country was at war it all changed, and the British people had to accept that the Government who took control of the media was for the good of the country. Specific facts and details of bombings werent shown in the whole truth, and often the news was twisted to focus on the heroism of the British. This became known as propaganda and censorship, and were tools to keep the†¦show more content†¦This was used in countries like Germany and Italy and was done using great force, whereas in Great Britain it needed to be subtler. By using government guidelines the media censored itself, however the government would step in if these rules were broken. In either Democracies or Dictatorships the result was the same - any information that may affect morale and the war effort was to be banned. So the Government needed to have the full support of the media in order to Brain wash the people of Britain, and if the media did not co-operate then newspapers and magazines were closed down. At the start of WW2 the Government set up the Ministry of Information to control what was being said to the British public. It was the job of the ministry to persuade people that victory was at hand despite the massive destruction and death toll around them. This was opened in September 1939, and from August 1941 was helped by the Political Warfare Executive, in order to produce mostly black propaganda aimed at other countries. Propaganda faced no restrictions, and all governments were prepared to lie to help them win the war. One of the aims was to reach a conclusion without first examining the information. The two most important uses of propaganda were to praise one side, which were fighting for the right reasons, and to alsoShow MoreRelatedBlitzkrieg Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesBlitzk rieg The word Blitz itself is a shortened form of the German word Blitzkrieg meaning lightening war, it means a heavy bombing attack from the air. It is often used to describe the German air raids on London in 1940, but many other cities were also blitzed. It was widely believed that Britain would be heavily bombed immediately after the war was declared and huge amounts of deaths and injuries were expected with mass burials planned and 1,250,000 cardboard coffinsRead MoreThe Effect of World War II on the Lives of People at Home Essay5431 Words   |  22 PagesThe Effect of World War II on the Lives of People at Home World war two was officially started with the invasion of Poland, September 1939 where the British being an ally of Poland and disagreeing with Hitler’s actions, declared war against Germany. The war lasted for 6 years in Europe until 1945. It managed to involve most of Europe and Asia, America, Canada, Australia, Africa. Debatably more the 30 million perished as a direct result of the war and generally it wasRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslittle significance. But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictableRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagespublisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: ( 44) 1865 843830, fax: ( 44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.co.uk. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (www.elsevier.com), by selecting ‘Customer Support’ and then ‘Obtaining Permissions’ British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress CataloguingRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesand transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical Reasoning or its author endorse you or your use of the work). (2) Noncommercial You may not use this work for commercial purposes (for example, by inserting passages into a book that is sold to students). (3) NoRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesand political churning, how will these driving factors be influenced by the brutally competitive global economy in which organizations do not have any particular geographic identity or travel under any particular national passport? What will be the effect of the rapid gyrations in markets that emphasize the difficulties that accounting practices face in determining true performance costs and that forecasting programs confront in establishing the economic determinants of corporate planning? In additionRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pageswell-known successes. While mistakes provide valuable learning insights, we can also learn from successes and find nuggets by comparing the unsuccessful with the successful. With the addition of Google and Starbucks, we have moved Entrepreneurial Adventures up to the front of the book. We have continued Marketing Wars, which many of you recommended, and reinstated Comebacks of firms iii iv †¢ Preface rising from adversity. I have also brought back Ethical Mistakes, because I believe that organizations

Network Based Grading System Free Essays

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Tong system an tit ay inlaying din name Eng surname at password pang ma swain gung Sino Sino nag gambit Samaritan Amman as MGM gusto o as MGM Hindi pa NASA register as system an tit inlaying din name tit Eng register for new user . NC’ Skip to main content Skip to navigation Resources How To About INCUBI Accesses Sign in to INCUBI MAC US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Top of Form Search terminates database Search Limits Advanced Journal list Help Bottom of Form Journal List v. 23(7308); 2001 Gag 11 MIMIC 120936 BMW. 2001 Gag 11; 323(7308): 334-336. MIMIC: MIMIC 120936 A new system for grading recommendations in evidence based guidelines Robin Harbor, information manager and Juliet Miller, director for the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network Grading Review Group Author information Article notes Copyright and License information This article has been cited by other articles in MAC. The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) develops evidence based clinical guidelines for the NASH in Scotland. The key elements of the methodology are (a) that guidelines are developed by multidisciplinary groups; (b) they are based on a systematic review of the scientific evidence; and (c) recommendations are explicitly linked to the supporting evidence and graded according to the strength of that evidence. Until recently, the System or grading guideline recommendations was based on the work of the IIS Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (formerly the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research). 1,2 However, experience over more than five years of guideline development led to a growing awareness of this systemic weaknesses. Firstly, the grading system was designed largely for application to questions of effectiveness, where randomized controlled trials are accepted as the most robust study design with the least risk of bias in the results. However, in many areas of medical practice randomized trials may to be practical or ethical to undertake; and for many questions other types of study design may provide the best evidence. Secondly, guideline development groups often fail to take adequate account of the methodological quail ¶y’ of individual studies and the overall picture presented by a body of evidence rather than individual studies or they fail to apply sufficient judgment to the overall strength of the evidence base and its applicant ability to the target population of the guideline. Thirdly, guideline users are often not clear about the implications of the grading system. They misinterpret the grade of recommendation as relating to its importance, rather than to the strength of the supporting evidence, and may therefore fail to give due weight to low grade recommendations. Summary points A revised system of determining levels of evidence and grades of recommendation for evidence based clinical guidelines has been developed Levels of evidence are based on study design and the methodological quality of individual studies All studies related to a specific question are summarized in an evidence table Guideline developers must make a considered judgment bout the generalizations, applicability, consistency, and clinical impact of the evidence to create a clear link between the evidence and recommendation Grades of recommendation are based on the strength of supporting evidence, taking into account its overall level and the considered judgment of the guideline developers In 1 998, SIGN undertook to review and, where appropriate, to refine the system for evaluating guideline evidence and grading recommendations. The review had three main objectives. Firstly, the group aimed to develop a system that would maintain the link between the trench of the available evidence and the grade of the recommendation, while allowing recommendations to be based on the best available evidence and be weighted accordingly. Secondly, it planned to ensure that the grading system incorporated formal assessment of the methodological quality, quantity, consistency, and applicability of the evidence base. Thirdly, the group hoped to present the grading system in a clear and unambiguous way that would allow guideline developers and users to understand the link between the strength of the evidence and the grade of recommendation. Go to: Methods The review group decided that a more explicit and structured approach (figure) to the process of developing recommendations was required to address the weaknesses identified in the existing grading system. The four key stages in the process identified by the group are shown in the box. The strength of the evidence provided by an individual study depends on the ability of the study design to minimize the possibility of bias and to maximize attribution. The hierarchy of study types adopted by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research is widely accepted as reliable in this regard and is even in box boxier. 1 Box 1 Hierarchy of study types The strength of evidence provided by a study is also influenced by how well the study was designed and carried out. Failure to give due attention to key aspects of study methods increases the risk of bias or confounding and thus reduces the stud’s reliability. 3 The critical appraisal of the evidence base undertaken for SIGN guidelines therefore focuses on those aspects of study design which research has shown to have a significant influence on the validity of the results and conclusions. These key questions differ between hypes of studies, and the use of checklists is recommended to ensure that all relevant aspects are considered and that a consistent approach is used in the methodological assessment of the evidence. We carried out an extensive search to identify existing checklists. These were then reviewed in order to identify a validated model on which SIGN checklists could be based. The checklists developed by the New South Wales Department of Health were selected because of the rigorous development and validation procedures they had undergone. 4 These checklists were further evaluated and adapted y the grading review group in order to meet SIGN’s requirements for a balance between methodological rigor and practicality of use. New checklists were developed for systematic reviews, randomized trials, and cohort and case control studies, and these were tested with a number of SIGN development groups to ensure that the wording was clear and the checklists produced consistent results. As a result of these tests, some of the wording of the checklists was amended to improve clarity. A supplementary checklist covers issues specific to the evaluation of diagnostic tests. This was eased on the New South Wales checklist,4 adapted with reference to the work of the Cochrane Methods Working Group on Systematic Review of Screening and Diagnostic Tests and Caruthers et al. 5,6 The checklists use written responses to the individual questions, with users then assigning studies an overall rating according to specified criteria (see box boxer). The full set of checklists and detailed notes on their use are available from SIGN. 7 Box 2 Key stages in developing recommendations Synthesis of the evidence The next step is to extract the relevant data from each study that was rated as avian a low or moderate risk of bias and to compile a summary of the individual studies and the overall direction of the evidence. A single, well conducted, systematic review or a very large randomized trial with clear outcomes could support a recommendation independently. Smaller, less well conducted studies require a body of evidence displaying a degree of consistency to support a recommendation. In these circumstances an evidence table presenting summaries of all the relevant studies should be compiled. Considered judgment Having completed a rigorous and objective synthesis of the evidence base, he guideline development group must then make what is essentially a subjective judgment on the recommendations-?one that can validly be made on the basis of this evidence. This requires the exercise of judgment based on clinical experience as well as knowledge of the evidence and the methods used to generate it. Although it is not practical to lay out â€Å"rules† for exercising judgment, guideline development groups are asked to consider the evidence in terms of quantity, quality, and consistency; applicability; generalizations; and clinical impact. Increasing the role of subjective judgment in this way risks he reintroduction of bias into the process. It must be emphasized that this is not the judgment of an individual but of a carefully composed multidisciplinary group. An additional safeguard is the requirement for the guideline development group to present clearly the evidence on which the recommendation is based, making the link between evidence and recommendation explicit and explaining how they interpreted that evidence. Grading system The revised grading system (box (box)BE) is intended to strike an appropriate balance between incorporating the complexity Of type and laity of the evidence and maintaining clarity for guideline users. The key changes from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research system are that the study type and quality rating are combined in the evidence level; the grading of recommendations extrapolated from the available evidence is clarified; and the grades of recommendation are extended from three to four categories, effectively by splitting the previous grade B which was seen as covering too broad a range of evidence type and quality. How to cite Network Based Grading System, Papers

Claude Mckay Essay Research Paper 2c BaynardHE240501110 free essay sample

Claude Mckay Essay, Research Paper 2/c Baynard HE240/5011 10 March 2000 Prof. Fetrow Claude McKay, a True Artist Festus Claudius McKay, aka Eli Edwards, was born in Jamaica on September 15, 1889. His parents were husbandmans and he was the youngest of 11 kids. Twenty-three old ages of his life were spent in Jamaica and from there he would immigrate to the United States. Claude McKay was known as an internationalist because he traveled far and broad to several different states. His travels and experiences in the scope of states he visited, played a cardinal portion in determining McKay? s thoughts. These thoughts would hammer powerful messages that McKay expressed in a unique, artistic manner. The Harlem Renaissance was in its early phases during the clip McKay wrote. An African American poet, known as Alain Locke, had developed a construct of? the New Negro? during the Harlem Renaissance. Locke had a position that African American art should be created as art for the interest of art. We will write a custom essay sample on Claude Mckay Essay Research Paper 2c BaynardHE240501110 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His thoughts were based on interrupting off from the society influenced? black? art and instead developing art without any racial bounds. McKay disagreed with these really thoughts and was considered an castaway from the New Negro Alliance. McKay believed that the beauty of art was merely expressed through echt emotion. Art that is representative of 1s true ego is the lone true art. I believe that McKay would hold argued this point. He believed that the resentment penned inside the? Negro? is what gave them the motive to project beautiful creative activities. McKay argued that through resentment, ? bloomed? spirituals, blues, and several signifiers of art. Through McKay? s ain per sonal experiences in the United States, he became really acrimonious. The look of his resentment through his art, poesy, was what true art was supposed to be. Passionate feeling put into graphics and inspiration through life? s experiences, is the really kernel of the African American civilization. The ability to show feeling and emotion through art is art for the interest of art. McKay argues that art born out of negative energy is genuinely unequivocal of a individual? s province of head. Venting this negative energy into plants of art was considered by McKay to be true art. McKay began as a romantic poet composing about the crude joys of Jamaican life. McKay? s exposure and informant to the atrociousnesss being shown towards African Americans in the United States easy transformed him from a romantic to a extremist. The beauty of his transmutation was that alternatively of fall backing to force, he vented through his Hagiographas. McKay shows power to withstand and contend back in celebrated verse forms such as? If We Must Die. ? This verse form was written during the times of the Chicago race public violences. It showed how McKay and others would flog back at the evil actions projected against them. They would decline to decease as animate beings but instead travel down every bit brave, dignified work forces. This merely shows that the inhuman treatments imposed upon many Negro? s would be met with opposition. Many of his plants show how he would non be subjected to evil, lowly degrees of hatred. While America presents these evil Acts of the Apostless a nd suppurating sores ill-natured emotion among the African Americans, they still have a love for the land. The opposition of evil merely makes one stronger. Like a common expression, ? what doesn? T kill us merely makes us stronger, ? the hate in America merely forges the strength of the African American.

Strategic Planning Southwest Airlines

Question: Describe about the Strategic Planning for Southwest Airlines. Answer: Southwest Airlines: Analysis Strategic planning is stated to be a way to organize and manage activity that is used to set priorities, focus energy and resources on a common goal. Employees and stakeholders are all on one accord during this planning process (Lahdesmaki, 2013). The literature suggests that Major elements of strategic planning include defining a vision and mission for a company along with creating goals with multiple levels including organization, department, individual, etc. The next steps are creating the plan to reach those goals and review how the plan is working along the way and edit as needed. (Daft, 2013, p. 208-10). The objective of this essay is to do the strategic analysis of Southwest Airlines. The company has been operating its flight across different parts of the world. Southwest is always changing and evolving in their industry. Every organization has challenges in sustainability, maintains a positive and conducive culture, and implementing good leadership and management. Often peopl e hear a wide range of things in the media about South West airline (Helsen Lybaert, 2015). In some of their challenging times they have addressed those challenges and still are in existence. I do agree that South West Airlines keeps their vision realistic. The success of Southwest Airlines depends a lot on the strategic planning of organization. Some strategies in the action plans were to minimize turnover times at airports, not serve food, have open seating to speed up boarding time, and not charge for changes to tickets (Svensson Padin, 2016). To improve customer service without raising fares the airline added more flights and didnt charge for baggage. As the company reviewed the progress and appraised performance other opportunities were recognized and new goals were formulated. As we learned in the classes, change is constant and so is the process of improvement (Michalski, 2014). Strategic planning for large, complex organizations can be challenging due to trends and the ever-changing market. The management of Southwest Airlines has developed a lot of strategies and policies to manage the internal and the external environment of the firm. For example, a few of the things they have done that demonstrated their efforts correlated back to their mission and vision are; hedging fuel, luv campaign, and people first (Baker, 2013). Their focus is on lower costs so they focused and were able to determine a way to deal with their number one expense (fuel) and keep the cost down through hedging. Their campaigns are focused on love, people and respect (Heskett and Sasser, 2013). The backstage operations of Southwest Airlines can be explained with the use of value chain of airline industry. This can be shown as: The Southwest case study reveals how the strategic planning helped made southwest from one of the small company to one of the dominant US domestic airline (Heskett, Sasser, 2013). Southwest airlines reduced the fare rates to reach the people and take advantage of economy of scale. Fare rates were 60% lower than the average coach fare in the beginning. In late 2008, Southwests fares on short flights were as low as $49 and on longer flights as low as $89 with advance purchase (Basfirinci Mitra, 2015). The PESTLE analysis is a powerful tool to assess the external environment of the company. Australia is a developed country and the political factors are positive in the country (Rosemann Brocke, 2015). The government of Australia has also supported the companies like Southwest to expand in the country as it creates employment opportunities in the country (Thomas, 2015). The economical and social factors are also positive in the country. SWA is an American airline. However, the company provides a tough competition to the local low cost airline of Australia like Qantas. The literature suggest that Businesses regardless of their type (private, government, not-for-profit), size or financial position all tend to rely on four basic functions to coordinate the business. Those four functions are operations, finance, human resources and marketing (Shani Chalasani, 2013). It would be correct to say that Southwest Airlines has been able to manage all these functions in an effective manner. Th e management of SWA realized that change management is always difficult. Implementing change can be very challenging for all organizations and any size. Culture plays a bid part in implementation of change. It is very important to communicate throughout each process. Making sure all stakeholders are included (Kozubkov Belas, 2015). Both internal and external. I do agree that the more information provided on how the current trends influence the direction that is needed to be taken. When there is strategic planning everyone is working together for a common goal. The airlines had to put their heads together to ensure they are making the best choices for their company. These changes affect not only the consumers but the employees as well. The literature also suggests that the organizations have to manage various internal and external risks (Coffie Blankson, 2016). The internal and external risks are related to the various internal and external forces. The internal risks are related to the factors like employee motivation, internal culture of the company etc. The external risks are related to the factors like political, social, legal, economical, environmental and technological (Santos Mathews, 2015). It is critical that the management of organizations should have a deep understanding of the internal and external risks. I can understand how one might think that the most important part of the plan and is the accumulative impact of the activities undertaken by the organization, without a good vision and a good plan in place even the most effective execution would be useless (Weske, 2012). I believe that having the vision of what is possible and to see opportunities that are there and have the skills and equipment to take advantage of the situation in a timely fashion are all important. SWA vision was to charge fares at all times that were below the cost of driving an automobile from one Texas City to another. (Later, in most of the airports in which Southwest initiated service, traffic on the routes it served increased three or four times (Heskett Sasser, 2010, pg. 2). The method was for SWA to be competitive and enticing to the public. The vision was set. They now had to tailor their way of doing business to reach their goal of success. They made an effort to reduce turnaround time to ten minutes. S WA made their own rules therefore, they were known for its contrarian approach to air transportation (Heskett Sasser, 2010, pg. 2). Implementation to create a Servants Heart and Fun-LUVing attitudes was not really seen within the airline industries; as a matter of fact the model was hardly used by any organization. The strategy to remain competitive was to network its self through code share. The strategy was set to code share with ATA for the first time in Company history Heskett Sasser, 2010, pg. 7). Some of the challenges of such growth towards the companys business were to develop it supporting technology. It had to reconsider many of its old paradigms on how it served its customers. References Baker, D.M.A., 2013. Service quality and customer satisfaction in the airline industry: A comparison between legacy airlines and low-cost airlines. American Journal of Tourism Research,2(1), pp.67-77. Basfirinci, C. and Mitra, A., 2015. A cross cultural investigation of airlines service quality through integration of Servqual and the Kano model.Journal of Air Transport Management,42, pp.239-248. Coffie, S., Blankson, C. (2016). Strategic prescriptive theories in the business context of an emerging economy. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 1-12. Daft, R. L. (2013).Management(11th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Heskett, J. L., Sasser, W. E., Jr. (2013).Southwest Airlines: In a different world. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School. Helsen, Z., Lybaert, N., Orens, R., Steijvers, T., Dekker, J. (2015, June). Revising the traditional contingency perspective on the choice of management control systems in a familiy business context. In Proceedings ifera 2015 (pp. 72-73). HIF. Kozubkov, L., Bels, J., Bilan, Y., Bartos, P. (2015). Personal characteristics of entrepreneurs in the context of perception and management of business risk in the SME segment.Economics Sociology,8(1), 41. Lahdesmaki, M., Siltaoja, M. E. (2013, January). Stakeholder salience and proximate relations in small business context. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2013, No. 1, p. 15684). Academy of Management. Michalski, G. (2014). Working Capital Management in the Business Context. In Value-Based Working Capital Management (pp. 7-31). Palgrave Macmillan US. Rosemann, M., vom Brocke, J. (2015). The six core elements of business process management. InHandbook on Business Process Management 1(pp. 105-122). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Santos, J. and Mathews, B.P., 2015. Measuring Service Quality: To Tailor or not to Tailor?. InGlobal Perspectives in Marketing for the 21st Century(pp. 187-190). Springer International Publishing. Shani, D., Chalasani, S. (2013). Exploiting niches using relationship marketing. Journal of Services Marketing. Svensson, G. and Padin, C., 2016. Interactive gaps and cause-effect-outcomes in processes and interfaces of teleological service encounters.International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research,10(3). Thomas, M., 2015. Strategic principles at Southwest Airlines.Strategic Direction,31(8), pp.10-12. Weske, M. (2012). Business process management architectures. In Business Process Management (pp. 333-371). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.